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In each nationality as well as in China there are traditions which display the way of life. They can be observed both in clothes and in music, both in traditions and in ceremonies... So, in the south of the country the basic food is rice whereas inhabitants of northern areas prefer flour products. Uigurs, Kazakhs and Uzbeks favourite dishes - are shish kebab from mutton, frying flat cakes "nan"; Mongols prefer roasted rice, frying fat tails and tea with milk; in Korea pudding "dagao" is really popular, cold noodles and a sauerkraut; Tibetians eat dzambu - the barley flour roasted on oil and drink tea with drawn butter. Chineses consider gifts as the important part, dialogue. If you are are frequent at a family holiday, small gifts similarly to wine, tea, cigarettes, or sugar candies are very pertinent. Also fruit, fancy bread, and flowers - are good choice. Concerning other things, you should pay attention to cultural distinctions. Contrary to the western concepts, odd numbers, on the Chinese concepts, are unsuccessful. So wedding gifts and gifts at date of a birth are always given in pairs. In areas where compactly live hanci, customs are simple. In birthday there is no the special ritual, many prefer to eat "shoumyan" - the noodles symbolizing longevity. In China the Law on marriage according to which the men who have reached 22 years, and women are not younger than 20 years is established have the right to marry and receive the marriage license in corresponding competent body. And their lawful matrimonial attitudes are established. Wedding does not represent a compulsory procedure from the legal point of view. Wedding is a holiday when newly married accept congratulations from native and close. Wedding ceremonies at national minorities pass differently: they are sometimes magnificent and solemn, and sometimes simple and modest. This day at one it is accepted to be pleased and sing songs, at others brides should sob before leaving from the native house. At one guys choose the bride, at others, on the contrary, - girls take guys in husbands. At one nationalities it is accepted to smear cheeks meeting with a black make-up, at others - speak with newly married, at the third - to play a trick on the father-in-law, and all this funny and interestingly. Funeral ceremony in China is simple. Farewell to the lates or memorial service as a token of grief is usually arranged. In cities cremation, and in villages - burial died is widespread. Traditional funeral color in China - white, but now in case of funeral the townspeople put on also a black mourning bandage. Professing the islam national minorities is buried died, and by representatives of a nationality and, living in mountains Ljanshan, nationalities lahy and pumi, living in Yunnan, cremate dead men. Among various kinds of holidays one of the major are calendar holidays which are most closely connected with traditional culture of people. Studying calendar holidays, and also the folk customs connected with them and ceremonies allows to reveal genesis of holidays, the most ancient sources of many customs and ceremonies, to track development of social institutes, folk beliefs, to resolve a problem of a parity of a holiday and national creativity, to open a is emotional-psychological role of a holiday and celebratory mood in a number of daily affairs and cares, in a reconstruction of a vital impulse. New year at people of East and Central Asia (as well as at other nations of the world) is that time interval when works of year leaving are completed and preparation for agricultural works of a new cycle begins; it is an original side between the past and future. Besides for the majority of people of East and Central Asia New year is a reference point of age of the person, " general birthday " (irrespective of age of the baby with approach of new year to it year increases). Already from an extreme antiquity New year was celebrated as general, and with strengthening the government - as the state holiday. At the same time New year was always perceived as family, as the holiday connecting each person with its native, with living and died ancestors. In celebrating New year existed and there are till now some levels: state and national, public and family. It is possible to speak much about something but while itself you will not see all you will not understand, therefore it is necessary to make out the Chinese visa and to go most to look at China. At the majority of people of East and Central Asia the holiday of New year for a long time is necessary on 1 number of 1-st lunar month. Unlike New year on the European calendar, New year on a lunar calendar is a "passing" holiday. PreNew Year's and New Year's holidays (in view of traditional and new customs) cover the period from the middle of December on the end of February (on the European calendar). The most part of traditional customs and ceremonies of preNew Year's and New Year's festivals goes back to the most ancient magic actions, called to provide a rich crop and the well-being connected with it and riches, health and well-being of family and a community. During New Year's holidays all gets special symbolical value: furniture of the house and manor, celebratory clothes, in the past ritual, and now a celebratory meal with especially carefully observed etiquette. Numerous games, entertainments, representations of a folk theatre, mask have great value also. In China New year since olden days was main, truly national holiday - the most solemn, the most joyful, the most noisy and long. One of the major, if not the most important feature of traditional Chinese culture - accent on organic communication of the person and the natural world. |
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